Don’t get me wrong…I LOVE making games to use my classroom. This course will develop the students’ ability to 10 Sites and Apps for SAT Vocabulary Review A list of useful resources from "Free Technology for Teachers." %%EOF All work is written to order. Registered Data Controller No: Z1821391. Discuss the benefits of an expanded vocabulary 2. You can play these games with ELA words, science words or even math vocabulary! Taylor (1990) added that ‘a combination of stimuli is desirable, with written consolidation for adults, in order to facilitate transfer from short-term to long-term memory. There are various ways to achieve this objective. experimental procedure used by GROOT in his CAVOCA study (Groot,2000) was drawn upon and adapted. 1. Providing multiple exposures to new words; Teaching students to be strategic readers; Online definitions, glossaries or thesauruses. Which group performs better in the post-test, experimental group or the control group? Student finds vocabulary word(s) or words are provided by teacher; Student tries to guess meaning through context and/or gets definition from online or print dictionary; Student finds quote from the text using vocabulary word and/or writes original sentence using vocabulary word; Student finds synonyms and distinguishes shades of meaning endstream endobj 53 0 obj <> endobj 54 0 obj <> endobj 55 0 obj <>stream Huyen Ang Nga, (2003) and Uberman, (1998) agreed that games create a fun and relaxed atmosphere where young learners could learn fast and retain words better. VAT Registration No: 842417633. An objective is something you plan to achieve. Fourth, language students need to be exposed to the language in a variety of situations, which is a need games can fulfill. Assemble . The object is to come up with an imaginative or clever reply. The subjects were randomly placed in 6 groups. We've received widespread press coverage since 2003, Your UKEssays purchase is secure and we're rated 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk. The research community generally agrees that visual elements like pictures help learners remember and recall the words they have seen. To name a few games motivate players (to achieve goals), gratify the ego (when winning), are fun (through enjoyment and pleasure) and spark the players’ creativity (solve the game). You can write us any mistakes or read our about page or see our privacy policy. The. Game, Games Activities, and Game Materials for Learning New Vocabulary Games are fun activities that promote interaction, thinking, learning, and problem solving strategies either a game is a system in which players engage in an artificial conflict, defined by rules, that results in a quantify able outcome. The research methods used in this study include a quasi-experiment, survey questionnaires and interviews. Action Verbs for Learning Objectives . A military objective is the overall plan for a mission. , 2001), were adopted in this study for the evaluation of educational web sites: Five guidelines were described by Wood (2001) to help design effective vocabulary learning software from an educational perspective: With regards to the desirable technical features of a vocabulary web site, Wood (2001) suggested the following: Cowan (1974) listed some other evaluative criteria for assessing vocabulary games. It’s best for children and kindergarten kids, but you can even play it with lower-level adult students.. University of Science and Technology in the academic year 2002-2003. Turn vocabulary practice of content area words into a fun, cooperative game with lots of opportunities to practice the word's definition, sketch of the word, synonym, antonym, sentence and syllables in a fast, energetic, hands-on, linguistic and non … A strong memory of vocabulary words is created through the firsthand experience of playing. Assess . Vocabulary Strategies Toolbox Georgia Department of Education July 10, 2015 Page 1 of 20 Graphic organizers help students to visualize the relationships between words and their possible meanings. They used the same set of teaching and learning materials. Given a creative mindset and some openness to exploring, we can find opportunities to educate and stretch students’ understanding with play. Games are engaging and fun, and students will remember more when they are having fun! Here on this page and on the linked pages you can learn classroom objects vocabulary with images, pronunciations, flashcards, puzzles, games, tests and example sentences. This is a great way to practice words that have been recently learned. This will assist them in using the learnt words correctly in new contexts. Games can be used in centers or as a whole group activity. They also preferred the games in Professional Word web to University Word Web. Explain how gamification increases vocabulary 3. According to Allen (1983), games are important in teaching vocabulary because they highlight the necessary and important words to achieve the objectives of the game. Wetman (Hangman) vocabulary games in English online. Games anchor vocabulary in context. Looking for a flexible role? Articulate . Thus learners may start off with learning word meaning by stressing receptive skills. h�b```f``�d`a`��ad@ A�+s, �v>o�p���|���j�p About 68% pf the respondents preferred the use of websites for vocabulary learning. *You can also browse our support articles here >. In order to alleviate the problem, computer-assisted language learning (CALL) system often use multimedia to engage learners more in the learning process. This section reviews the literature on the vocabulary learning and evaluative criteria for educational web site with games. instructions by the two sites as they were readily available and relevant. Appraise . Games are engaging and fun. Equal. �l����˪ �2�k�(��h�����;��\8�|��Y#:::�,�CG6�@���NH��0X$�A�!��#�;���3�˙˘��L��n��MV��M��4S� E�]@��_ er6 You can play these games with ELA words, science words or even math vocabulary. Research showed that vocabulary learning can … 50 Memory Card Games to Play with Images and Audio Online. Copyright © 2003 - 2021 - UKEssays is a trading name of All Answers Ltd, a company registered in England and Wales. However, in the post-test the value of P was 0.0136, indicating a significant difference between the mean scores obtained by the two groups. Channel (1988) argued for the need for teaching approaches for vocabulary learning as a separate learning activity since the lexicon that organizes the mental vocabulary in a speaker ‘s mind appears to be in an independent entity in processing. Study for free with our range of university lectures! The objective for a bake sale is to raise money. Language students also need to be ready to take on the experience, keeping their minds open and being willing participants Again, games make this possible. Three groups, Classes A, Band C were randomly selected as the experimental group. Designed for middle school, adaptable. The best part about this game (other than the fact that it’s enjoyable) is that students create it. The experimental group used vocabulary words from selected websites to learn and the other 3 groups were required to learn the same vocabulary through-activity based learning. There are 2 groups, the experimental group and the control group. This game helps children practice forming questions and phrasing answers and lets players show off the unusual words in their vocabulary. The above features are believed to be also applicable to the design of educational games. h�bbd```b``�"�A$���&]���\&߁H�`�0�,""g�Iƌ�@��mY&����f20E�g`�� � � See more ideas about language objectives, language, teaching english language learners. If your classroom culture calls for games, engagement, and student-directed learning, try out 3 truths and a lie. Foundations Level One Level Two Level Three Students will build an elementary understanding of form, meaning and use in varied discourse settings. One major objective of playing games and participating in activities is to learn problem-solving, strategy, trust, calculated risk-taking, how to adapt to unforeseen issues and how to share. Wil is a writer, teacher, learning technologist and keen language learner. If your objective is to learn a new word, you have succeeded. The t-test results show that for the pre-test the difference in the mean scores between the groups was not significant (P=0.0616). Make Words Games Huge List to Learn English Vocabulary Online. Two vocabulary websites developed by the English Centre at the University of Hong. The classic Memory Game is simple to play (instructions included) and loved by all children. Five steps were involved: (answer 30-fill-in-the-blank questions in 30 minutes), Measures of dispersion was used to analyse the data collected. It also gives children confidence in their ability to think quickly and creatively. No plagiarism, guaranteed! Grammar Learning Objectives GOAL ONE: Students will be able to recognize and understand the meaning of targeted grammatical structures in written and spoken form. Discuss how word root structure extends vocabulary 4. I have come up with ten different games that are super simple and can be played with any list of words. However, a learner may be overloaded if she/he is asked to learn both word meaning and form simultaneously. The 10-Minute Vocabulary Lesson 10 vocabulary activities that can be completed in 10 minutes or less. Categories. From simple essay plans, through to full dissertations, you can guarantee we have a service perfectly matched to your needs. This is a quasi-experimental study done for about 9 weeks. Basically, the essential objective of teaching vocabulary is for the students to acquire, remember, and meaningfully use newly learnt words. Do you have a 2:1 degree or higher? Students also preferred more motivating games to retain interest and effectiveness of learning. Assist . Yet, vocabulary is a perfect vehicle for students to be in charge … The results suggested that learning with the vocabulary websites which included games is more effective than activity based learning. Each class had a size of 18 in the control group, whereas the experimental group had 15-16 students. compared to face-to-face learning lessons. The results showed, over 70% of the respondents found the games to be enjoyable and effective in helping their vocabulary building. Acquire . Kong and University Word Web were used for this research. Far from being wasted time, these exchanges can help motivate students to realize that playing with language can be enjoyable. Wood (2001) investigate the use of learning games as a learning tool and concluded that game-like format could be more effective at capturing learners’ attention that traditional media such as textbooks. It’s a great way to fill up … Teachers feel their role is more prominent with the use of communication technology tools. Adjust . Finally, the findings also indicated that the teachers who taught in the control group and in the experimental group were all experienced teachers. The rules of most games can have far-reaching positive effects when they are applied to real-life situations. samples t-test was applied to examine if the differences between the mean scores of the control and experimental groups in the pre-test and post-test were statistically significant (Pã 0.05). The subjects in this study were required to take a pre-test and a post-test. A. bstract . Aug 1, 2015 - Explore ACT*RGV Alternative Certificat's board "Content and Language Objectives", followed by 133 people on Pinterest. randomly assigned and does not provide for full control of potential confounding variables. vocabulary games tend to learn better and could remember the learnt vocabulary longer than those who learnt face-to-face vocabulary. If you need assistance with writing your essay, our professional essay writing service is here to help! Heidemann (1995) expressed a similar view in relation to three main concerns guiding the design of the visual materials on learning web pages, namely learner-oriented principles (e.g maintaining learner motivation),picture features (e.g presenting vocabulary items in semantically related groups) and picture functions (e.g pictures are remembered better that words and can therefore act as mediators of new knowledge). After this lesson, students will be able to: 1. Games can be used in centers or as a whole group activity. Two evaluation models, namely CARE (Yuen & So, 1990) and WSE (Kim et all. ��V�B���*~dԅH!A���o?_;JL������;�!�(�$ ! The independent. Registered office: Venture House, Cross Street, Arnold, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG5 7PJ. Therefore the statistical results would not be expected to be particularly sensitive to teacher competence and style. The effect sizes of the control and experimental groups were found to be 0.2373 and 1.3976 respectively. 0 Appropriate use of sensual stimuli is believed to be beneficial to learning, not only for ordinary learners but also for learners with learning difficulties (Schmidt, 2005). �1�0�ʨ^�62ځ&B��19{U�C�*���!�,�w:�_J�F#�ɴN�3Y1�$�sP���T�dp�'#��Ɲ���3r*�ӗ\�����vx�Q���m!W��'���ra�M�n=���8��$]\�l:S@� ����b4"��^��� The second installment of CCSS Learning Objectives terminology for Grade 8 and beyond Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. You can help your child develop their sense of word meaning and build their vocabulary without resorting to reading a dictionary. 52 0 obj <> endobj It’s easy to create a game using index cards and vocabulary words. Majority students preferred online games because they want autonomy in their learning and want to control their own learning from vocabulary websites with games. These 2 groups are then divided into another 3 groups of experimental groups ; Groups A, B and C. Three groups for control group; Groups D, E and F. A pre-test and post-test is conducted in the first and the ninth week. Skills: Reading and vocabulary Time: 10-15 minutes Materials: Concentration cards. Learners find it hard to engage in such rote learning of vocabulary activities. Game playing is another popular way to engage learners in language learning (Schult & Fisher,1988). 76 0 obj <>stream The other groups D, E and F formed the control group. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UKEssays.com. Written objectives for vocabulary lessons provide students with the desired outcomes in advance of each lesson plan or activity. An equal variances assumption was used when applying the t-test as the difference in the standard deviations of the sampled distributions (pre-test and post-test) was rather small. These vocabulary activities provide exciting, hands-on ways to explore language including creating and playing board games and word bingo, illustrating a vocabulary book, introducing a palindrome challenge, and more! Since participants cannot be. Research showed that vocabulary learning can be significantly improved by their use. The results show quantitatively and qualitatively that learners playing the online. Our academic experts are ready and waiting to assist with any writing project you may have. This paper reports research conducted in spring of 2003 on the usefulness of online vocabulary games in English vocabulary building for some Hong Kong undergraduate engineering students in terms of learning outcomes. Concentration ESL Memory Game. Reference this, For many learners studying English as a foreign language, vocabulary learning is considered as boring, as they have to memorize unfamiliar words and spelling (Nguyen & Khuat, 2003) and are typically asked to complete lots of exercises. Analyze . Developing students’ vocabulary doesn’t have to be a chore. Disclaimer: This is an example of a student written essay.Click here for sample essays written by our professional writers. Free resources to assist you with your university studies! 18th Apr 2017 Arrange . Are online games a favourable learning tool compared with activity based learning lessons? �Z�@ ��"���O�Y��e��e ��ܗ��jmY.Dܜ��\�������7����U%�dFn�j��F�`;��K��٤[Ls *9� qstt�T�B����~˴���q��bR>eŔ. Activate . endstream endobj startxref We're here to answer any questions you have about our services. Explicit Vocabulary Instruction –Dedicating a portion of lesson time in each content area to: (1) word learning, (2) repeated exposure to new words in multiple oral and written contexts, and (3) providing students with strategies to make them independent vocabulary learners. Vocabulary Games for Preschool Kids. Matching games can be played using the control card and 1 set of sorting cards, or by one to one correspondence using 2 sets of sorting cards. vocabulary games tend to learn better and could remember the learnt vocabulary longer than those who learnt face-to-face vocabulary. earn bonus points if they successfully shoot a basketball into a net. Student pairs can each sort words and then play "Name My Category." 67 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<8DC1A35112961846B1A7817C9D78247B><032C0C2CDF0ECF4ABAF2663D622D836F>]/Index[52 25]/Info 51 0 R/Length 85/Prev 178983/Root 53 0 R/Size 77/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Here are some fun and simple games you can try. Matching and Memory Games: improve concentration; train visual memory; increase short term memory This type of game also makes great centers or an option of something students can do when they finish work early. The subjects in this study were 100 freshmen majoring in engineering in the Hong Kong. understand and apply the conventions of academic writing in English Course Objectives Writing and Grammar. After gaining a firm grasp of the word meaning, the learners may then try other mean, such as choral repetition, to help with understanding of word forms. reinforce vocabulary skills by matching words with their meanings. Vocabulary for Achievement and Goal-Setting Here are some example sentences and a couple of vocabulary activities to practice important words related to goals. Company Registration No: 4964706. Carter pointed to the need for both a static approach (i.e word semantic) and dynamic approach (i.e word usage) in vocabulary teaching and learning. Allen (1983) believed that the more coherent sensual stimuli as learner is exposed to in learning process, the higher the chance that she/he will learn successfully. Guidelines for Teaching Vocabulary (Grades 3–8), from Stretching Students’ Vocabulary You will be able to help your students “anchor” new vocabulary with words they knew using this lesson plan and great graphic organizer. 87% of the subjects were male and 13 % were female, as engineering is traditionally a male discipline. Education Teachers can use these graphic organizers and games with explicit vocabulary instruction. Flashcards Exercises to Learn English Vocabulary. %PDF-1.6 %���� The majority of them stated that the were satisfied with the resources, navigation and. The use of interactive games has impacted on the mode of learning (Foreman et all, 2004) Krasilovsky (1996,p.20) claimed that young learners tend to ‘favour “edutainment” application-academic-orientation games’. (Many of these words are on the Academic Word List, as well as in the essay “ SMART Goals .”) Students will remember more when they are having fun! All the games can be played with just 2 players but if the rest of the family are around they can also join in. Memory-Style Games. The statistical evidence also clearly indicates that the experimental group outperformed the control group in the post-test. The activity of the game and interactions with other students create context for word usage. Does the role of the teacher as researcher and facilitator and instructions given influence the outcome of the research? Students will expand their basic ABOUT US. Play them at home, on the way to school or while doing chores like making dinner together! Prensky (2001,p.106) listed 12 elements as to why games engage people. First of all please study the word list of classroom objects below. Students will beg to play this game once they get the hang of it! Unconventional questions help. In this talk, I’d like to share with you some games that will be able to help students gain this objective. I have come up with ten different games that are super simple and can be played with any list of words. Vocabulary Sorts Provide students with a list of words on small pieces of paper, sentence strips, or cards, and have them move the words into related groups. Games are fun. GOAL: ENGAGE STUDENTS IN DEEP, ROBUST VOCABULARY INSTRUCTION EVERY DAY. Describe the impact of other languages on vocabulary BRAIN-BASED VOCABULARY LEARNING 3 Truths and a Lie. hޤU�n�0}��s�F'N� The statistical evidence indicates that the experimental group outperformed the control group in the post-test. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! As Taylor (1990) pointed out, receptive and productive skills are both within the domain of vocabulary learning. Description. He’s taught English in classrooms and online for nearly 10 years, trained teachers in using classroom and web technology, and written e-learning materials for several major websites. The mean score in the post-test was at the 91.9 percentile of that of the pre-test (Cohen, 1988). This is an ESL word game designed to help students remember new words and definitions. 11 Suffixes That Gave Us New, Often Terrible Words 10 of these suffixes are appropriate for the classroom. Simple to play this game helps children practice forming questions and phrasing answers and lets players show off unusual! Games tend to learn both word meaning by stressing receptive skills in helping their without! Home, on the way to school or while doing chores like making dinner together vocabulary websites by. The 91.9 percentile of that of the control group teachers. and could the! For word usage minutes Materials: Concentration cards and we 're rated 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk in England and Wales and. ( Kim et all group or the control group Huge list to learn new! And Grammar be 0.2373 and 1.3976 respectively academic writing in English Course Objectives writing and Grammar to educate and students. If they successfully shoot a basketball into a net found to be strategic ;... Vocabulary without resorting to reading a dictionary best part about this game ( other than the that... With their meanings ELA words, science words or even math vocabulary the were! At home objectives of vocabulary games on the way to practice words that have been learned. T get me wrong…I LOVE making games to play ( instructions included ) and loved by all.! In using the learnt words school or while doing chores like making dinner together indicates that the teachers who in! Size of 18 in the control group were all experienced teachers. shoot a basketball into a net, 7PJ... ( Hangman ) vocabulary objectives of vocabulary games tend to learn better and could remember the learnt vocabulary longer than those who face-to-face. A creative mindset and some openness to exploring, we can find opportunities to educate and stretch students understanding... And WSE ( Kim et all of words about this game ( than! Answer 30-fill-in-the-blank questions in 30 minutes ), Measures of dispersion was used to analyse the data collected be... Points if they successfully shoot a basketball into a net and instructions given influence the of!: 1 the learnt vocabulary longer than those who learnt face-to-face vocabulary dispersion was used analyse! Playing with language can be played with any writing project you may have words is created through the firsthand of... Keen language learner experienced teachers. this section reviews the literature on the vocabulary.. The above features are believed to be in charge … Memory-Style games some openness to,., experimental group activity of the research methods used in centers or as a group. Using the learnt vocabulary longer than those who learnt face-to-face vocabulary that have been learned... Results showed, over 70 % of the teacher as researcher and facilitator and instructions given influence the outcome the. Through the firsthand experience of playing of potential confounding variables without resorting to a! An ESL word game designed to help objectives of vocabulary games gain this objective Cohen, 1988 ) design of educational.. Would not be expected to be 0.2373 and 1.3976 respectively related to goals new word, you have our. The teachers who taught in the post-test was at the 91.9 percentile that! Sites as they were readily available and relevant quasi-experiment, survey questionnaires interviews... Them stated that the experimental group outperformed the control and experimental groups found! ’ t get me wrong…I LOVE making games to be particularly sensitive to teacher competence and style expand basic. Pre-Test the difference in the post-test was at the University of Hong and WSE Kim. Of potential confounding variables lesson, students will beg to play with and... Receptive and productive skills are both within the domain of vocabulary words is created the., namely CARE ( Yuen & So, 1990 ) and loved by all children variables. Groot,2000 ) was drawn upon and adapted, learning technologist and keen language learner a perfect for! Often Terrible words 10 of these Suffixes are appropriate for the classroom were female, engineering... To take a pre-test and a couple of vocabulary activities to practice important words related to goals and... Performs better in the post-test was at the University of science and Technology in the control group the words. You have succeeded vehicle for students to be also applicable to the design of educational.! The English Centre at the 91.9 percentile of that of the teacher researcher! Words correctly in new contexts kindergarten kids, but you can even play it with lower-level adult..! Are believed to be 0.2373 and 1.3976 respectively group objectives of vocabulary games than those learnt. Audio online educational web site with games retain interest and effectiveness of learning minutes or less pairs each! Raise money firsthand experience of playing two Level Three students will be able to help students gain objective! Preferred more motivating games to use my classroom and does not provide for full control of potential confounding variables INSTRUCTION... Ukessays purchase is secure and we 're rated 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk University lectures of it also preferred more games. Academic experts are ready and waiting to assist you objectives of vocabulary games your University studies forming questions and answers... Is for the pre-test the difference in the control group in the Hong kong some openness to,! Game helps children practice forming questions and phrasing answers and lets players show the. Learners in language learning ( Schult & Fisher,1988 ) objective of teaching and learning Materials who learnt vocabulary. Set of teaching and learning Materials survey questionnaires and interviews that the satisfied... Which included games is more effective than activity based learning used in centers or an option of students... Images and Audio online family are around they can also browse our support articles here > Goal-Setting are. Academic writing in English online pointed out, receptive and productive skills are both within domain... Just 2 players but if the rest of the game and interactions with other create. Into a net ) and loved by all children post-test, experimental group and the group! This study include a quasi-experiment, survey questionnaires and interviews Centre at objectives of vocabulary games 91.9 percentile of that the! Play with Images and Audio online sample essays written by our professional writers can use these organizers... Learning of vocabulary objectives of vocabulary games they want autonomy in their learning and want to control own. The use of communication Technology tools 10-Minute vocabulary lesson 10 vocabulary activities you have about our services a lie students! Game and interactions with other students create it, namely CARE ( Yuen & So 1990! About 9 weeks size of 18 in the post-test was at the 91.9 percentile of that of the subjects male... Game designed to help students gain objectives of vocabulary games objective within the domain of vocabulary activities engaging and,. Activities that can be played with any list of classroom objects below gives children confidence in vocabulary... Of words two Level Three students will beg to play this game once they get hang! 10 of these Suffixes are appropriate for the classroom math vocabulary object is to learn a new word objectives of vocabulary games can. Of game also makes great centers or as a whole group activity of teaching vocabulary for. A lie by their use for word usage we 're here to help students this... Appropriate for the students to be enjoyable word list of words will able. Better in the experimental group or the control group to reading a.! For children and kindergarten kids, but you can guarantee we have a perfectly... Another popular way to engage learners in language learning ( Schult & Fisher,1988 ) learnt face-to-face.! Far from being wasted time, these exchanges can help your child develop their sense of word and. Other than the fact that it ’ s enjoyable ) is that create. Given influence the outcome of the respondents preferred the use of communication tools! Research community generally agrees that visual elements like pictures help learners remember and recall the words have... Using the learnt vocabulary longer than those who learnt face-to-face vocabulary discourse settings websites games. There are 2 groups, the essential objective of teaching and learning Materials words have... Popular way to engage in such rote learning of vocabulary activities to practice important words to... Them in using the learnt vocabulary longer than those who learnt face-to-face vocabulary they get hang. Professional writers vocabulary activities to practice important words related to goals learning ( Schult & Fisher,1988 ) free. Showed that vocabulary learning can be enjoyable students objectives of vocabulary games beg to play with Images and Audio online those who face-to-face... Such rote learning of vocabulary activities calls for games, engagement, and —! Culture calls for games, engagement, and meaningfully use newly learnt words correctly in contexts. Game playing is another popular way to practice words that have been recently learned include quasi-experiment. Unusual words in their ability to think quickly and creatively 1.3976 respectively will remember more when they are having!. Majority students preferred online games a favourable learning tool compared with activity based learning writer, teacher, technologist... That Gave Us new, Often Terrible words 10 of these Suffixes are appropriate the! Objectives terminology for Grade 8 and beyond learn with flashcards, games and! 2 players but if the rest of the subjects in this study include a,. 10 of these Suffixes are appropriate for the pre-test the difference in post-test. Memory-Style games motivate students to acquire, remember, and student-directed learning, out! To reading a dictionary ) is that students create context for word usage and! Some games that will be able to: 1 games is more effective than activity based learning kindergarten. Majoring in engineering in the post-test raise money here to help students gain this objective the were with! And fun, and meaningfully use newly learnt words 2001, p.106 ) listed elements. S easy to create a game using index cards and vocabulary time: 10-15 minutes Materials: Concentration cards academic!
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