This chemical is used as fertilizer and is commercially known as nitrolime. Characteristics. Calcium cyanamide is prepared from calcium carbide. Calcium cyanamide has many potential health effects. It is also used as an alcohol-deterrent drug in Canada, Europe, and Japan. According to the harmonised classification and labelling (CLP00) approved by the European Union, this substance is harmful if swallowed, causes serious eye damage and may cause respiratory irritation. The fertilization effect that now begins to take hold encourages the growth of the grasses in particular, which then gain the upper hand in the fight against the ribwort plantain. Calcium cyanamide EC Inventory, Pre-Registration process, CAD - Chemical Agents Directive, Art. Calcium carbimide, sold as the citrate salt, is an alcohol-sensitizing agent. Calcium cyanamide (CAS NO.156-62-7) also can be called Cyanamide calcium salt, UN 1403, Lime Nitrogen, Nitrolime.It is a calcium compound used as fertiliser, first synthesized in 1898 by Adolph Frank and Nikodem Caro.It is commercially known as Nitrolim.It crystalizes in hexagonal crystal system with space group R3m and lattice constants a = 3.67, c = 14.85 (.10-1 nm). This chemical is used as fertilizer[3] and is commercially known as nitrolime. Calcium acetylide is used in the manufacture of calcium cyanamide, CaCN2, by the reaction of CaC 2 with N 2 at high temperature. Calcium cyanamide is also used as a wire-fed alloy in steelmaking, in order to introduce nitrogen into the steel. It reacts with acids. It was first synthesized in 1898 by Adolph Frank and Nikodem Caro (Frank–Caro process). In their search for a new process for producing cyanides for cyanide leaching of gold, Frank and Caro discovered the ability of alkaline earth carbides to adsorb atmospheric nitrogen at high temperatures. The calcium salt of cyanamide, formed when calcium carbide reacts with nitrogen ChEBI CHEBI:64301 Predicted data is generated using the ACD/Labs Percepta Platform - PhysChem Module No predicted properties have been calculated for this compound. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. Fritz Rothe, a colleague of Frank and Caro, succeeded in 1898 in overcoming problems with the use of calcium carbide and clarified that at around 1,100 °C not calcium cyanide but calcium cyanamide is formed in the reaction. It is a colorless and intensely smelling gas. Through hydrolysis in the presence of carbon dioxide, calcium cyanamide produces cyanamide:[clarification needed]. An obsolete post-emergence herbicide and defoliant with some fungicidal … It was first synthesized in 1898 by Adolph Frank and Nikodem Caro (Frank-Caro process). CaNCN. Depending on the calcium carbide content, the cyanamide reacts with water (moisture from air or soil) to produce acetylene and hydrated calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide. In 1901, Ferdinand Eduard Polzeniusz patented a process that converts calcium carbide to calcium cyanamide in the presence of 10% calcium chloride at 700 °C. If exposed to water or high temperatures, calcium cyanamide may generate toxic and flammable fumes. This can also be fatal due to an overdose. CYANAMIDE is the amide of cyanic acid. Pure Calcium Carbide is a colorless and odorless solid with the chemical formula CaC 2. CaCN2 - CALCIUM CYANAMIDE. Because calcium cyanamide contributes not only nitrogen but also lime, and also has a herbicidal, bactericidal, and fungicidal effect, it can be called a multifunctional nitrogen fertilizer. Synonym: Thiacloprid-d 4, [3-(6-Chloro-3-pyridinylmethyl)-2-thiazolidin-d 4-ylidene]cyanamide Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C 10 D 4 H 5 ClN 4 S Molecular Weight: 256.75 Colorless, gray, or black crystals or powder. Calcium cyanamide; Cyanamide calcium salt Vannerberg, N.G. Last updated: 31/05/2018. :|����q��8Y֧߮�vͰ������ˋ�ë�˕���z���eU�R�ۋ�����~/U���n�!_ޞ Albert Frank recognized the fundamental importance of this reaction as a breakthrough in the provision of ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen and in 1901 recommended calcium cyanamide as a nitrogen fertilizer. Root populations of the reniform nematode were reduced by the highest cyanamide rate but were either unaffected or were increased [100 mg rate] by all other doses. [4], In their search for a new process for producing cyanides for cyanide leaching of gold, Frank and Caro discovered the ability of alkaline earth carbides to adsorb atmospheric nitrogen at high temperatures. Articles of calcium cyanamide are included as well. [fertilizer] [Note: Commercial grades may contain calcium carbide.] Calcium cyanamide is the inorganic compound with the formula CaCN2. Cyanamide Accession Number DB02679 Description. %%EOF Nevertheless, both processes (the Rothe–Frank–Caro process and the Polzeniusz-Krauss process) played a role in the first half of the 20th century. It soluble in cold water (hydrolysis on the anion). In fact, the initial target product sodium cyanidecan also be obtained from calciu… Calcium cyanamide, technical grade. Image 1: Calcium cyanamide provides control of soil-borne diseases, newly germinated weeds, and assists with residue breakdown when applied as a fertiliser Effect on weeds The herbicide action of calcium cyanamide acts only in the top 3–4 cm of the soil. A colorless to gray, odorless solid. h�bbd``b`Z$�A��@���` �T� �ւ�!K���X� 2���=�X����Ȱ�b``$���x�@� �4& In fact, the initial target product sodium cyanide can also be obtained from calcium cyanamide by melting it with sodium chloride in the presence of carbon:[6]. This means it mainly affects newly germinated weed seedlings and small weeds up to the The substance can cause alcohol intolerance, before or after the consumption of alcohol. Less run off from soil. 2. May irritate the skin. [5] Fritz Rothe, a colleague of Frank and Caro, succeeded in 1898 in overcoming problems with the use of calcium carbide and clarified that at around 1,100 °C not calcium cyanide but calcium cyanamide is formed in the reaction. Deutsches Reichspatent DRP 88363, "Verfahren zur Darstellung von Cyanverbindungen aus Carbiden", Erfinder: A. Frank, N. Caro, erteilt am 31. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism. 20% nitrogen content) cheaper and faster acting, the role of calcium cyanamide was gradually reduced to a multifunctional nitrogen fertilizer in niche applications. [3] In contact with water, it decomposes and liberates ammonia: It was used to produce sodium cyanide by fusing with sodium carbonate: Sodium cyanide is used in cyanide process in gold mining. In the record year 1945, a total of approx. 2012-05-09. 1-3, p. 152). It can also be used in the preparation of calcium cyanide and melamine. Calcium cyanamide is the inorganic compound with the formula CaCN2. It is a potent inhibitor of liver aldehyde dehydrogenases in vivo. Description. (Also known as: cyanamide calcium salt; nitrolime; lime nitrogen) GENERAL INFORMATION. CaC 2 is a chemical compound with a chemical name Calcium Carbide. It crystallizes in hexagonal crystal system with space group R3m and lattice constants a = 3.67 Å, c = 14.85 Å.[11][12]. Health & Regulatory Guidelines. 2(b)(i) - Hazardous Agents, EU Ecolabels - Restrictions for Hazardous Substances/Mixtures, Workplace Signs - minimum requirements & signs on containers and pipes, Waste Framework Directive, Annex III - Waste - Hazardous Properties How does calcium cyanamide fertilizer work? A cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. However, the large-scale implementation of ammonia synthesis via the Haber process became a serious competitor to the very energy-intensive Frank Caro process. Other articles where Calcium cyanamide is discussed: carbide: Ionic carbides: …°C [1,800–2,200 °F]) to form calcium cyanamide, CaCN2. AKOS015903792. This process requires meticulous temperature control since the melting point of calcium cyanamide is only about 120°C lower than the boiling point of sodium chloride. Chemsrc provides calcium cyanamide(CAS#:156-62-7) MSDS, density, melting point, boiling point, structure, formula, molecular weight etc. While pure calcium cyanamide is nonvolatile and noncombustible, commercial grades may contain small amounts of calcium carbide which will produce acetylene in containers and processing vessels. Free samples program. endstream endobj startxref Franck, W. Burg, Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie und angewandte physikalische Chemie, Angewandte Chemie, Band 29, Ausgabe 16, Seite R97, 25. 40 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<88BF94CF5C2A7544AA6A1BB64B6BF538>]/Index[23 30]/Info 22 0 R/Length 85/Prev 45598/Root 24 0 R/Size 53/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Calcium cyanamide is activated in the soil when it comes into contact with liquid water. Less run off from soil. Properties. Absorption of water during handling or storage of technical calcium cyanamide may cause explosion [Pieri, M. Chem. [7] Frank and Caro also noted the formation of ammonia from calcium cyanamide.[8]. Calcium Cyanamide CaNCN bulk & research qty manufacturer. Properties, SDS, Applications, Price. It is the calcium salt of the cyanamide (CN2−2) anion. Between 1908 and 1919, five calcium cyanamide plants with a total capacity of 500,000 tonnes per year were set up in Germany, and one in Switzerland. Cyanamide is an organic compound with the formula C N 2 H 2.This white solid is widely used in agriculture and the production of pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds. As urea (formed via the Haber–Bosch process) was significantly more nitrogen-rich (46% compared to ca. 23 0 obj <> endobj Formula: CaCN2 Elements: Calcium, Carbon, Nitrogen; CAS Number: 156-62-7; RTECS Number: GS6000000; Synonyms/Related: Calcium carbimide; Calcium Cyanamide; Calcium cyanamide with more than 0.1 percent of calcium carbide; Lime nitrogen; Nitrogen lime. 156-62-7), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Calcium_cyanamide&oldid=994259773, Chemical articles with multiple compound IDs, Multiple chemicals in an infobox that need indexing, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2018, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, White solid (Often gray or black from impurities), 1,150 to 1,200 °C (2,100 to 2,190 °F; 1,420 to 1,470 K) (sublimes), This page was last edited on 14 December 2020, at 20:52. Calcium carbimide, Cyanamide [Calcium cyanamide], Lime nitrogen, Nitrogen lime [Note: Cyanamide is also a synonym for Hydrogen cyanamide, NH 2 CN.] CaC2 + N2 → CaCN2 + C This is an important industrial reaction because CaCN2 finds extensive use as a fertilizer owing to its reaction with water to produce cyanamide, H2NCN. Properties: Commercial grades may occur as grayish-black lumps of powder. The application rate should be approximately 350 kg calcium cyanamide per hectare, corresponding to a dose of 35 grams of calcium cyanamide per square meter. Cyanamide in aqueous solution or in the form of its calcium salt is used as a fertilizer in agriculture. h��Yio��+�Q�!L�` �����Q��,�Ê\�(� W����^���Aʢ� 1�b���Q����5�g�����L���b"�J41�\=>�!�XMn � m�&YSl�&9�-��f�O�W��a巿�߹y:���Ë��볋�s^^_��Y���������������|qp��G? Other contaminants are carbon, Ca(OH) 2, CaO, and CaCO 3. Acute toxicity - Oral, Category 4 Serious eye damage, Category 1 Specific target organ toxicity \u2013 single exposure, Category 3 Non-flammable but combustible (flash point: 140° C). [14], Cyanamide calcium salt, Lime Nitrogen, UN 1403, Nitrolime, Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their. �|�5��~��G���go�8�������;8��ݒ��)'�>���r ���ws;/�N���e%�k^)�Q����P�ޔ�dl*M[�5�+�������&�e�fB�= A�/�SB21�39�S3&4SJ1 }l�GB����F��5=��dE��V�[k��Xs krc�� ����C^�Op>>������h9ߪ�-!K��9S �˲ٟr+y���D��Ӄ��M�i�&��������}J�JKV@Z_�vkx'� �mO�K}�s��Tڶ����%cM���'8>4���tZ����u�}�W�\�[�j�SҶ�%�;m��4�$�����;��4BoIt�m�Н��F�?�����t���N)��gF��87�k;`&EZ7b��a��vS���1���G����#_. EPA Regulations: Abs. [9] It was at the time the cheapest nitrogen fertilizer with additional efficacy against weeds and plant pests and had great advantages over conventional nitrogen fertilizers. 52 0 obj <>stream cyanoiminocalcium. The main use of calcium cyanamide is in agriculture as a fertilizer. März 1895. response to calcium cyanamide treatments. [10] The product is cooled to ambient temperatures and any unreacted carbide is leached out cautiously with water. 0 Calcium cyanamide applications resulted in a steady and lineal increase in reniform nematodes in the roots in response to increasing rates. endstream endobj 24 0 obj <> endobj 25 0 obj <>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[79 110 124 125]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>><>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[139 110 160 125]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>><>/Border[0 0 0]/Rect[342.58 110.0 363.58 125.0]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>>]/Contents[28 0 R 29 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R]/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 21 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 26 0 obj <>stream May cause illness from ingestion. 46, 8335 1952]. The chemical irritates the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Thiourea can be produced by the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with calcium cyanamide in the presence of carbon dioxide.[13]. Physical Properties The chemical formula for calcium cyanamide is CCaN 2, and its molecular weight is 80.11 g/mol. Physical Properties. H.H. The process was particularly challenging due to the equipment requirements required by the high temperatures during the initial igniter step. Other reasons for its loss of popularity were its dirty-black color, dusty appearance and irritating properties, as well as its inhibition of an alcohol-degrading enzyme which causes temporary accumulation of acetaldehyde in the body leading to dizziness, nausea, and alcohol flush reaction when alcohol is consumed around the time of bodily exposure. Completely decomposed by hot water. Pure calcium cyanamide occurs as glistening hexagonal crystals that are insoluble in water. Term contracts & credit cards/PayPal accepted. h�b```"36#~�g`��0p\4X�I�5L��a�F���g��2h4p4�t0t��Pt2@M�`��|2�A���_��:qp�����q;�n��X 7ÂE@��[p#�6�@D� �Zm Most MC2 acetylides have the CaC2 structure, which is derived from… Characterisitcs 1. (5) Commercial grades of calcium cyanamide occur as grayish-black lumps of powder. %PDF-1.6 %���� The conversion is conducted in slurries, consequently most commercial calcium cyanamide is sold as an aqueous solution. (2,5) F. Brezina, J. Mollin, R. Pastorek, Z. Sindelar. Its main constituent, calcium cyanamide, has no residual properties after it has demonstrated its effectiveness as an agricultural chemical (insecticidal, fungicidal, and sterilization), decomposing into its components in the soil, ensuring that it can be used safely. Calcium cyanamide Identifications. The carbide powder is heated at about 1000 °C in an electric furnace into which nitrogen is passed for several hours. From Calcium Cyanamide: Ammonia is obtained by the action of water vapor on calcium cyanamide. Februar 1916. 1.5 million tonnes were produced worldwide using both processes. It is the calcium salt of the cyanamide (CN22−) anion. Decomposes on warming above 49° C. Emits toxic fumes of CN- and NOx when heated to decomposition or on contact with acids or acid fumes (Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference, p. 353 (1987)). The advantage of lowering the reaction temperature by about 400 °C, however, must be weighed against the high amount of calcium chloride required and the discontinuous process control. Volatile, melts without decomposition under pressure of N2, at calcination it is decomposes. Used to make pesticides and in fertilizers. Due to this, tears start coming out of the eyes. (11.46) CaC 2 + N 2 → 1000 ∘ C CaCN 2 + C As in the case of the Haber process for the synthesis of ammonia, this reaction represents a way of converting elemental nitrogen into a compound (nitrogen fixation). Undiluted cyanamide is a deliquescent, crystalline solid. "The crystal structure of calcium cyanamide" Acta Chemica Scandinavica (1-27,1973-42,1988) (1962) 16, p2263-p2266, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, "Effect of calcium cyanamide on growth and nutrition of plan fed yellow-poplar seedlings", "History of Degussa: Rich harvest, healthy environment: Calcium cyanamide", "Commercialization of Calcium Carbide and Acetylene - Landmark", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks, Bioassay of Calcium Cyanamide for Possible Carcinogenicity (CAS No. Frank and Caro developed this reaction for a large-scale, continuous production process. Properties of calcium cyanamide: White (technical product - dark-gray because of the impurity of coal). The average oral LD (50) for cyanamide in rats is 125 (85 to 180) mg/kg, and cyanamide has been observed to be very irritating and caustic to the skin (American Cyanamide Company Product Information Bulletin, as cited in ACGIH 1986/Ex. Its main constituent, calcium cyanamide, has no residual properties after it has demonstrated its effectiveness as an agricultural chemical (insecticidal, fungicidal, and sterilization), decomposing into its components in the soil, ensuring that it can be used safely. Commercial Calcium Carbide, however, may present a relatively wide range of colours depending on the impurities present (usually calcium, magnesium, and other oxides). Incompatiblities: water. ��o?./��� '�f}�i5��|�^����d�\��ӥq2��۳�-6|r|��Z_�??ެ�/�ַ���]X=N>��\�>⳱2���/��4����&���������)>��|�^^.��Ly����?�.�'�B���B��\~������O�gKs���3���^��|��\yT�x���^�? Application Cyanamide was used as nitrogen source in thermal transformation of metal oxide nanoparticles into nanocrystalline metal nitrides. 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